*rench lerms 
for American Field 
Artillerymen 



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COPYRIGHT rEPQSZTi 



SEVEN HUNDRED FRENCH TERMS FOR 
AMERICAN FIELD ARTILLERYMEN 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



7 Q 3 



AMERICAN FIELD ARTILLERYMEN 



BY 



EDWARD BLISS REED 

Formerly Regimental Sergeant Major, ioth F. A., N. G. Ct. 

Instructor in the Reserve Officers Training 

Corps, Yale University 

With a Foreword by 
Lieutenant Colonel Robert M. Danford 

302nd F. A., U 
Second Edition, Revised and Augmented 




New Haven 

Yale University Press 

London : Humphrey Milford 

Oxford University Press 

MDCCCCXVIII 



/f/8 



Copyright, 1917 
By Yale University Press 

First published, October, 1917 
Second edition, March, 1918 



APR J 1918 

©CI.A4S4744 
h 



PREFACE 

The object of this little book is to offer Ameri- 
can soldiers a short and convenient vocabulary 
of French words most frequently used in Field 
Artillery. The difficulty in preparing it has been 
to limit its size. It is hoped that the process of 
elimination has left only the most essential words. 

Major Durette has kindly read the manuscript 
and made valuable suggestions. Captain Dupont 
has read the proof and made important correc- 
tions. I wish to thank these officers of the French 
Artillery for their very material assistance. 

Edward Bliss Reed. 

Fort Sill, Oklahoma 
September 14, 1917. 



FOREWORD 

Although the Field Artillery of the United 
States Army, since the advent of the French 
canon a tir rapide, has closely copied the French 
service, and has largely derived its inspiration 
therefrom, it is now about to be far more in- 
timately associated with the officers, men, and 
guns that have brought such glory to France. 

Our field artillerymen of all grades will find, 
under the instruction of French officers and men, 
and in the use of French materiel, that a common 
understanding of the technical terms relating to 
field artillery tactics and materiel is" indispensable. 
This small volume by Professor E. B. Reed, in- 
structor in the Field Artillery Unit of the Reserve 
Officers' Training Corps, Yale University, is 
therefore most timely, and meets a real and 
serious need. 

Robert M. Danford 
Lieutenant Colonel, 302nd Field Artillery. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Materiel 

General Terms 11 

The 75 Millimeter Gun 13 

Observing Instruments 24 

Signaling 25 

Ammunition 26 

Firing Data 29 

Terms for Designating Aiming Points 

and Targets 34 

Battery Telephone 37 

Maps 39 

For Rapid Calculations 41 

Commands 43 

Soldier Dismounted 
The Gun Squad 
The Soldier Mounted 
Maneuvers of Battery 
The Firing Battery 
Methods of Fire 

Organization 53 

The Horse 59 

Harness 62 



SEVEN HUNDRED FRENCH TERMS FOR 
AMERICAN FIELD ARTILLERYMEN 



MATERIEL 

GENERAL TERMS 

Bed, hole, recess le logement 

Bolt le verrou 

Clamp l'ecrou de pression ; la vis 

de serrage 

Crank la manivelle 

Eye le piton 

Gear l'engrenage (m) 

Groove la rainure 

Handle la poignee 

Handle, or knob, milled le bouton molete 

Index (line or point) le trait de repere 

Key la clavette 

Lever le levier 

Lug le tenon 

Nail le clou 

Nut l'ecrou 

Oil hole le trou graisseur 

Pin la goupille 

Pin, axis l'axe (m) 



12 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Plunger 
Rest 


la masselotte 
la butee 


Screw 


la vis 


Screw thread 


le filet de vis 


To screw ; to unscrew 


visser ; devisser 


Spring 
Washer 


le ressort 
la rondelle 


Wedge 
Wire 


la cale 

le fil de fer 


Worm 


la vis sans fin 


Brass 


le laiton 


Bronze 


le bronze 


Copper 
Iron 


le cuivre 
le fer 


Leather 


le cuir 


Steel 


racier (m) 


Wood 


le bois 



THE 75 MILLIMETER (THREE INCH) 

GUN 

Le Soixante-Quinze 

I 



The piece ; the gun 

Tube 

Rifling 

Bore 

Chase 

Muzzle 

Muzzle cover 

Front clip 

Muzzle rollers 

Jacket 

Front line sight 

Gun slides 

Rear line sight 

Breech hoop 

Breech hoop, lug 

Breech 



la piece ; le canon 

le tube 

les rayures (f) 

1'ame (f) 

la volee 

la bouche 

le couvre-bouche 

la frette de la bouche 

les galets de la bouche 

(m) 
la jaquette 
le guidon 

les longerons (m) 
l'oeilleton (m) 
le manchon 
le tenon du manchon 
la culasse 



14 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Breech cover 
Breech chamber 
Breech screw 
Hinged stop 
Breech block notch 
Recoil indices 



Extractor 
Extractor branches 

Extractor heel 
Extractor spindle 
Breech block 
Breech block handle 
Breech block loading 

recess 
Firing pin 
Hammer 

Hammer safety lock 
Hammer safety bolt 

head 



le couvre-culasse 

la chambre 

la vis-culasse 

le loquet 

la gache 

les traits de repere (an- 

terieur et posterieur) 

(m) 
Textracteur 
les branches de l'extrac- 

teur (f) 
le talon de l'extracteur 
l'axe de l'extracteur (m) 
le bloc-culasse 
la poignee de culasse 
Techancrure (f) 

le percuteur 
le marteau 
la piece de surte 
le bouton du bonhomme 
d'arret 



15 



Firing spring 
Firing spring 

blage pin 
Rack 

Breech block lock 
Breech lock bolt 

shoulder 
Lanyard 
Lanyard cord 
Lanyard handle 



le ressort de percussion 
assem- la tige d'appui 



la cremaillere 

le linguet 

le pene du linguet 

la laniere 
le cordon 
la poignee 



II 



Gun carriage 
Buffer ; recoil mechan- 
ism 
(Recoil ; to recoil) 
(In battery) 
Roller tracks 

Recoil piston 



l'affut (m) 
le frein 

(le recul; reculer) 

(en batterie) 

les chemins de roulement 

(m) 
le piston 



16 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Recoil piston rod 

Oil gauge 

Oil pump 

Coupler 

Coupler key 

Coupler key bolt 

Rocker 

Trunnion 

Range mechanism 

Range disc 

Range plate 

Range plate notches 

Range crank 



la tige 

la jauge* 

la pompe 

la chape 

la clavette (de chape) 

le verrou de clavette 

le berceau 

le tourillon 

la hausse 

le tambour gradue 

le plateau 

les encoches (f) 

la manivelle de la hausse 



III 

Sight l'appareil de pointage 

(m) 
Sight case le sac aux armaments 

Sight extension shaft la rallonge 
Sight hood la visiere 

Sight index le trait de repere 



MATERIEL 



17 



Sight shank 

Sight socket 

Eye -sight 

Cross-wires 

Plate, (azimuth scale) 



(Deflection) 
(A mil) 

Drum, (micrometer 
scale for deflection) 



le colonne de l'appareil 
de pointage 

la douille du support de 
l'appareil de pointage 

le collimateur 

les lignes de foi (m) 

le plateau (divided into 
four quadrants of 
1,600 mils each, with 
eight divisions of 200 
mils on each quad- 
rant ) 

(la derive) 

(un millieme) 

le tambour (It has 200 
divisions, each a mil. 
To lay off on the sight 
1,525 mils, the com- 
mand is : Plateau qua- 
torze, tambour cent 
vingt-cinq.) 



18 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Level 
Level vial 
Level vial bubble 
Level latch 
Site micrometer 

Site micrometer screw 
Site support cover 
Elevating wheel 

Toothed elevating arc 
Traversing wheel 



le niveau 

la hole 

la bulle 

la queue du chien 

le disque gradue du 

niveau 
la vise de commande 
le couvre-support 
le volant de pointage en 

hauteur 
le secteur dente 
le volant de pointage en 

direction 



Trail 

Trail flasks 
Trail float 
Trail handles 



IV 



la fleche 

les flasques (f) 

la crosse 

les poignees de la fleche 

(0 



MATERIEL 


Trail knee guard 


le pare-genou 


Trail lunette 


la lunette 


Trail spade 


la beche de crosse 


Brake 


le frein des roues 


Brake beam 


le traverse du frein 


Brake beam carrier 


le levier d'accrochage 


Brake beam carrier pin 


la chevillette 


Brake rod 


le tirant 


Brake shoes 


les patins (m) 


(Setting gun on brake 


(l'abattage) 


shoes; anchoring) 




Equalizing bar 


le levier pivotant 


Pawl lever 


le levier du crochet 




coulisseau 


Seat 


le siege 


Shield 


le bouclier 


Shield port 


la fenetre 


Apron 


le bouclier articule 


Rammer 


le refouloir 


Sponge (on staff) 


l'ecouvillon (m) 



19 



du 



20 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Axle 

Axle transom 
Wheel 
Wheel hub 
Wheel felloe 
Wheel spoke 
Wheel tire 



Caisson 

Caisson ammunition 

chest 
Caisson door 
Caisson espagnolette 

rod 
Caisson padlock 
Caisson padlock key 
Caisson rests 

Caisson trail locking 
bolt 



l'essieu (m) 

l'entretoise (f) 

la roue 

le moyeu 

la jante 

le rais 

le bandage 

V 

le caisson 
le corTre 

le couvercle du coffre 
l'espagnolette (f) 

le cadenas 

la clef de cadenas 

les butees de renverse- 

ment (f) 
l'axe d'accrochage (m) 



MATERIEL 



21 



Caisson trail locking 

lever 
Fuze setter 
Fuze setter corrector 
Fuze setter corrector 

clamp 
Fuze setter cup 
Fuze setter lid 
Fuze setter lock 
Fuze punch 
Fuze punch carrier 
Fuze punch lever 
Fuze range scale 
Fuze range crank 
(To lower the fuze 

setter) 
(To put back -the fuze 

setter) 
(To punch the fuze) 



le levier de l'axe d'ac- 

crochage 
le debouchoir 
le correcteur 
l'oreille de serrage 

la boite d'ogive 

le couvercle 

le fermoir 

la lame 

le porte-lame 

le levier de maneuvre 

le cadran de distances 

la manivelle du cadran 

(abattre le debouchoir) 

(relever le debouchoir) 

(deboucher) 



22 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



VI 



Limber 

(To limber ; unlimber) 

Limber axle step 
Limber chest handles 
Limber kit holder 
Limber luggage frame 
Limber pintle 

Limber pintle latch 
Limber (caisson) pole 
Limber (caisson) pole 

chain 
Limber (caisson) pole 

head 
Limber (caisson) pole 

key 
Limber (caisson) pole 

pin 



l'avant-train (m) 
reunir les trains ; separer 

les trains 
le marche-pied 
les poignees de coffre 
la case d'armons 
la galerie porte-sacs 
le crochet cheville- 

ouvriere 
le cheville-ouvriere 
le timon 
les chaines de bout du 

timon (f) 
le bout de timon 

la clavette 

la chevillete clef de 
timon 



MATERIEL 23 

Limber (caisson) pole la servante 

prop 

Limber (caisson) pole le tetard du timon 

socket 

Limber (caisson) pole la volee 

splinter bar 

Limber (caisson) pole les branches de support 

yoke-branches ( f ) 



OBSERVING INSTRUMENTS 

la lunette de batterie 

la lunette a ciseaux 

le trepied 

les ecrous de pression 

le plateau 

le bouchon d'oeil 

le micrometre 



B. C. Telescope 

Scissors 

Tripod 

Tripod clamps 

Azimuth scale 

Eye piece 

Graduated scale in eye 

piece 
Range finder 
Angle of site measure 



le telemetre 
le sitogoniometre ; le 
sitometre 

(This pocket instrument also serves to measure 
large deflections.) 



Compass 
Field glasses 

Case for, 

Strap for, 

Jacob's staff for 
Field of sight 
Focussing 



la boussole 

les jumelles (f) 

l'etui (m) 

la courroie 

le support de jumelles 

le champ 

la mise an point 



OBSERVING INSTRUMENTS 25 

B. C. ruler la reglette de direction 

B. C. ruler cord le cordonnet 

SIGNALING 

Illumination l'eclairage 

Lantern la lanterne 

Rocket ; flair la fusee eclairante 

Searchlight; flashlight le projecteur 

Semaphore flag le fanion 

Handle of la hampe 

Signaling . la signalisation 

Arm la signalisation a bras 

By rocket la signalisation par arti- 
fice 

By strips of cloth la signalisation par pan- 
neaux 

Visual la signalisation optique 



AMMUNITION 

Expenditure of am- 
munition 

Replenishment of am- 
munition 

To replenish ammuni- 
tion 

Ammunition shelter 

Cartridge 

Cartridge case 

Cartridge, base of 

Cartridge, rim of 
(caught by the ex- 
tractor) 

Cartridge cap 

Cartridge primer 

Charge 

Fuze 

Fuze, base 

Fuze, combination 
(time and percussion 



LES MUNITIONS 

la consommation de mu- 
nitions 

le ravitaillement en mu- 
nitions 

ravitailler 

l'abri a munitions (m) 
la cartouche 
la douille 
le culot 
le bourrelet 



l'amorce (f) 

le tube porte-amorce 

la charge 

la fusee 

la fusee de culot 

la fusee a double effet 



AMMUNITION 



27 



Fuze, delayed action 

Fuze, without delayed 

action 
Fuze, instantaneous 
Fuze, instantaneous 

elongated 
To screw fuze on shell 
Projectile 
Shell 
Shrapnel 

Shell or shrapnel case 

Copper rotating band 

Disc screwed on nose 
of projectile to in- 
crease angle of fall 

Shell, asphyxiating 

Shell, gas 

Shell, incendiary 

Shell, percussion 



la fusee A.R. (avec re- 
tard) 

la fusee S.R. (sans, re- 
tard) 

la fusee I. (instantanee) 

la fusee LA. (instan- 
tanee allongee) 

amorcer l'obus 

l'obus (m) 

l'obus explosif 

l'obus a balles ; le shrap- 
nel 

le corps d'obus (m) 

le ceinture 

la plaquette 



l'obus asphyxiant 
l'obus special (m) 
l'obus incendiaire 
l'obus percutant 



28 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



SheI1 > star l'obus eclairant 

Shell, -tear" i' obus i acrymog * ne 

A misfire un rat6 



FIRING DATA 

Aiming point le point de pointage 

Aiming point in rear le point de pointage en 

arriere 

Aiming point in front le point de pointage en 

avant 

Aiming point on the le point de pointage sur 

flank le cote 

Aiming point to the le point de pointage vers 

right la droite 

Aiming point to the le point de pointage vers 

left la gauche 

Auxiliary aiming point le point de reperage 

To register ; to set off reperer la piece 

deflection of auxil- 
iary aiming point 

Stick or pole put in le jalon 

ground for auxiliary 

aiming point 

Reference point by le point de repere 

which to designate 

objects 



30 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Angular distance be- 
tween two points 
Angle of departure 
Angle of elevation 
Angle of fall 
Angle of opening 

Angle of site 
Bracket 

Bracketing salvo 
Mixed salvo 
Burst 
Burst center 

Burst center, height of 

Burst interval 

Burst, height of 
Graze 
Low 



l'ecart angulaire (m) 

I'angle de projection (m) 
Tangle de tir (m) 
Tangle de chute (m) 
Tangle d'ouverture de la 

gerbe (m) 
I'angle de site (m) 
la fourchette 
une salve encadrante 
une salve mixte 
Teclatement (m) 
le point moyen d'eelate- 

ment 
la hauteur moyenne 

d'eclatement 
Tintervalle d'eclatement 

(m) 
la hauteur d'eclatement 
coup percutant 
bas 



FIRING DATA 



31 



Normal 
High 
Very high 

Doubtful 

Short 

Target 

Over 

Lost 
Burst range 
Cone of dispersion 
Crest 

Not to clear a crest 

To clear a crest 

Minimum range 
to clear crest 
Deflection difference 
Directing piece 



a bonne hauteur (trois 
milliemes) 

haut (trois a six mil- 
liemes) 

tres haut (superieur a 
six milliemes) 

douteux 

court 

au but 

long 

non vu 

la distance d'eclatement 

la gerbe 

la crete 

ecreter le masque 

ne pas ecreter 

la hausse minima 

l'echelonnement ( m ) 
la piece directrice 



32 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Drift 
Effective depth 

Jump 

Maximum ordinate 

Muzzle velocity 

Parallax 

Pattern of shrapnel 

Point of impact 

Probable error 

Range 

Range (in giving com- 
mands) e.g., Range 
3,500 

Range table 

Registration point or 
mark 

Remaining velocity 

Sheaf 



la derivation 

la profondeur de la zone 

battue 
Tangle de relevement 

(m) 
la fleche 

la vitesse initiale 
la parallaxe 
la trace des balles 
le point de chute 
l'ecart probable (m) 
la portee 
la hausse ; trois mille 

cinq cents 

la table de tir 

le but auxiliaire ; le but 

temoin 
la vitesse restante 
le faisceau 



FIRING DATA 



33 



Shot or round ; noise 

of shot 
Smoke ; smoke ball 

Slope, counter 
Slope, front 
Target 

Target, moving 
Smoke hides the target 
Smoke sihouettes the 

target 
Trajectory 
Time of flight 
Walk through 



le coup ; le coup de 

depart 
la f umee ; le globe de 

fumee 
la contre-pente 
la pente ou le glacis 
le but; l'objectif (m) 
le but mobile 
la fumee cache le but 
le but se detache sur la 

fumee 
la trajectoire 
la duree du trajet 
le tir par rafales eche- 

lonnees 



TERMS FREQUENTLY USED IN DESIG- 
NATING AIMING POINTS AND TARGETS 



Barracks 


la caserne (infant.) ; le 




quartier (cav. and 




art.) 


Bivouac 


le bivouac 


Bridge 


le pont 


Bridge, foot 


le ponceau ; la passerelle 


Bush 


le buisson 


Cantonment 


le cantonnement 


Cellar 


la cave 


Chimney 


la cheminee 


Church 


l'eglise (f) 


Earthworks 


les terrassements (m) 


Hedge 


la haie 


Hill 


la colline 


House 


la ma i son 


Loophole 


le creneau 


Machine gun 


la mitrailleuse 


Mill 


le moulin 


Path 


le sentier ; la piste 



TERMS DESIGNATING TARGETS 



35 



Parapet 
Railroad 

Railroad, narrow gauge 
Railroad, station 
Railroad, switching sta- 
tion 
Pole, telegraph 
Reenforcing troops 
Road 
Shelter 
Sign post 
Steeple 
Tower 

Transports on road 
Tree ; a lone tree 
Trees, clump of 
Trench 
Trench, first line 

Trench, steps to get 
over top 



e parapet 

a voie ferree 

a voie etroite 

a gare 

e poste d'aiguillage 

e poteau 
es renforts (m) 
a route 
abri (m) 

e poteau indicateur 
e clocher 
a tour 

a colonne de voitures 
'arbre ; un arbre isole 
un bouquet d'arbres 
a tranchee 
a tranchee de premiere 

ligne 
les gradins de fran- 

chissement (m) 



36 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Trench mat le caillebotis 

Trench, for circulation, le boyau 
joining different lines 



Water tank 
Water works 
Wire entanglement 

Wood 

Wood, edge of 



le reservoir 

le chateau d'eau 

le reseau de fils de fer 

(m) 
le bois 
la lisiere 



BATTERY 
TELEPHONE 

Battery of telephone 
Buzzer 

Circuit, short 
Connection is broken 

Coil, induction 
Connect with a wire ; 

tap a wire 
Contact 
Current 

Current, to switch on 
Ground rod 
To ground a wire 
Key 
Plug 

Post, pole 
Receiver 
Reel 



LE 

TELEPHONE 

la pile 

le telephone a appel 

vibre 
le court circuit (m) 
la communication est 

rompue 
la bobine d'induction 
faire un branchement 

le contact 
le courant 
mettre le contact 
la fiche de terre 
mettre a la terre 
le manipulateur 
la fiche 
le poteau 
le recepteur 
la derouleuse 



38 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Station 


la station 


Station, transmitting 


le poste de depart 


Station, receiving 


le poste recepteur 


Transmitter 


le transmetteur 


Wire, telephone 


le fil telephonique 


Telephone line 


la ligne 


a break in 


une rupture ; une cou- 




pure 


to locate 


trouver la rupture (ou 




la coupure) 


to repair 


reparer la rupture (ou la 




coupure) 


to splice a 


faire une epissure 


to test a 


verifier 


Dash 


le trait 


Dot 


le point 


Wireless 


la telegraphie sans fil 



Map 

Map, battle 

Map, road (printed) 

Map, road (sketched) 

A survey 

Map, scale 

squares on 
contour lines 



shading lines 
conventional signs 
on 

Plane table with com- 
pass 

Ruler 

Alidade 

Protractor 

Panoramic sketch 

Sector 

Plotting board 



MAPS 

le plan ; la carte 

le plan directeur 

la carte routiere 

le lever d'itineraire 

le lever topographique 

l'echelle (f) 

les carres (m) 

les courbes de niveau 

(0 

les hachures (f) 

les signes conventionnels 
(m) 

la planchette avec decli- 
nature 

la regie 

l'alidade (f) 

le rapporteur 

le croquis panoramique 

le secteur 

la planchette de tir 



40 700 FRENCH TERMS 

Pencil le crayon 

Eraser la gomme 

Penknife le canif 

Sheet of paper la feuille de papier 



FOR RAPID CALCULATIONS 

1. To change millimeters to inches: Multiply 
by .04. Example, 75 millimeters = 3 in. 
(75 X -04). 

2. To change inches to millimeters : Multiply 
by 25. Example, 3 in. = 75 millimeters 
(3 X 25). 

3. To change centimeters to inches : Multiply 
by .4. Example, 10 centimeters = 4 in. (10 
X -4). 

4. To change inches to centimeters : Multiply 
by 2.5. Example, 4 in. = 10 centimeters 
(4X2.5). 

5. To change meters to yards: Multiply by 1.1. 
Example, 1,000 meters =1,100 yards (1,000 

X i.i). 

6. To change yards to meters : Multiply by .9. 
Example, 1,100 yards = 990 meters (approx- 
imately) (1,100 X-9). 



42 700 FRENCH TERMS 

7. To change kilometer to miles : Multiply by 
%. Example, 8 kilometers =5 miles (8X S A)- 

8. To change miles to kilometers: Multiply by 
%. Example, 5 miles = 8 kilometers (5 X %)■ 



COMMANDS 

THE SOLDIER DIS- 
MOUNTED 

Fall in; fall out 

Attention 
As you were 
Right (left) dress 

Count off 

Rest 

Right face ; left face 

Forward march 
Quick time, march 
Double time, march 

Backzvard, march 

Halt 

Mark time, march 



COMMANDE- 

MENTS 

LE CANONNIER A PIED 



Rassemblement; rompes 

vos rangs 
Garde a vous 
Au temps 
A droite (gauche) 

ALIGNEMENT 

Numerote.z-vous 

Repos 

A droite, droite ; a 

gauche, gauche 
En avant, marche 
Pas cadence, marche 
Pas gymnastique, 

MARCHE 

En arriere, marche 

Halte 

Marquee le pas, marche 



44 700 FRENCH TERMS 

Change step, march Changes le pas, marche 
Right turn; left turn A droite, marche; a 

gauche, marche 
To the rear, march Demi-tour a droite, 

MARCHE 

Right (left) oblique, Oblique a droite 
march (gauche) marche 

(To resume original En avant, marche 
direction) 

RigJit by squads, En avant par quatre, 

MARCH MARCHE 

Left by squads, march Par la gauche, par 

quatre, marche 
Squads right (left) A droite (gauche) par 
march quatre, droite 

(^gaucheJ 
Left front into line, En bataille, marche 

march 
On right (left) into En bataille face a gauche 
line, march (droite) gauche 

(droite) 



COMMANDS 45 

Rout order, march Pas de route, marche 

THE GUN SQUAD ECOLE DE LA PIECE 

In front of your cais- rassemblement 
sons (pieces), fall 
in 

Cannoneers posts a vos postes 

Cannoneers mount Canonniers montez 

(dismount) (descendez) 

prepare for action dispositions de combat 

march order dispositions de route 

action right (left) Face a droite (gauche) 

EN BATTERIE 

action front (rear) Face en avant (en ar- 
■ Here) en batterie 

limber front and Face en avant (en ar- 
rear riere) Amenez 

Vavant-train marche 



46 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



THE SOLDIER MOUNTED ECOLE DU CANON NIER 

A CHEVAL 



LEAD OUT 

MOUNT 

DISMOUNT 

In right (left hand) 

TAKE REINS 

DROP REINS; RETAKE 
REINS 

Forward march 
Backward march 

HALT 

Trot MARCH 
Gallop MARCH 
Walk MARCH 

By the right (left) 

flank march 
Right by squads, 

MARCH 



SORTEZ VOS CHEVAUX 
A CHEVAL 

pied a terre 

prenez vos renes dans 

la main droite 

(gauche) 
abandonnez vos renes/ 

garde a vous 

MARCHEZ 
RECULEZ 
ARRETEZ 

MARCHEZ AU TROT 
MARCHEZ AU GALOP 
MARCHEZ AU PAS 
TOURNEZ A DROITE (A 
GAUCHE) 

Par quatre marche 



COMMANDS 47 

Right (left) into line Face a droit e (a gauche) 
march en bataille marche 

MANEUVERS OF THE ECOLE DU CANONNIER 
BATTERY CONDUCTEUR 

Drivers hitch (un- attelez (detelez) 
hitch) 

Section column colonne par pieces (f) 

Double section column colonne par pieces 

doublees 
Right (left) oblique Oblique a droite 
march (gauche) marche 

Column right (left) Tournez a droite 
march (gauche) marche 

Double section right Par pieces doublees (Par 
(left) oblique march la gauche par piece 
doublce) marche 



48 700 FRENCH TERMS 



>En bataille marc he 



Right (left) front into 

line march 
To the right, right 

(left) into line 

MARCH 

(To form column from Par pieces marche 
line) Right by sec- 
tions MARCH 

Left by sections march Par la gauche, par pieces 

MARCHE 

Counter march march Contremarche marche 

THE FIRING BATTERY ECOLE DE BATTERIE 

AIMING POINT, THAT POINT DE POINTAGE, 

CHURCH l'eGLISE 

DEFLECTION 1530; ON POUR LA PREMIERE PIECE, 
THE FIRST PIECE PLATEAU QUATORZE 

OPEN TEN TAMBOUR CENT 

TRENTE, ECHELONNEZ 
DE DIX 



COMMANDS 



49 



DEFLECTION 1530; ON POUR LA PREMIERE PIECE, 



THE FIRST 
CLOSE TEN 



PIECE 



site 305 ; 295 



PLATEAU QUATORZE 
TAMBOUR CENT 
TRENTE, DIMINUEZ 

l'echelonnement DE 

DIX 

angle de site plus 
cinq; moins cinq 
corrector 25 (up five; correcteur vingt cinq 

down ten) (trente; vingt) 

battery right (left) par la droite (gauche) 

par batterie 
second piece at my deuxieme piece a mon 



COMMAND 
3,500 
FIRE . 

(On the way!) 

RIGHT (LEFT) TEN 



COMMANDEMENT 
TROIS MILLE CINQ CENTS 
FEU 

(Parti!) 

DIMINUEZ (AUGMENTEZ) 
DE DIX 



50 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



on the first piece 
open (close) five 

cease firing 
close station 
mark deflection 
basis deflection 
register; set off de- 
flection OF auxili- 
ary AIMING POINT 
MAKE FAST 
BRAKES UP 
SWEEPING FIRE 
FIRE AT WILL 



AUGMENTEZ (DIMINUEZ) 

l'echelonnement DE 

CINQ 
HALTE AU FEU 
CESSEZ LE FEU 
INSCRIVEZ LA DERIVE 
EN SURVEILLANCE 
REPEREZ 



ABATTEZ 
SANS ABATTRE 
FAUCHEZ 
FEU A VOLONTE 



METHODS OF 
FIRE 

To adjust the fire 
Fire for adjustment 
Fire, barrage 



LES GENRES DE 
TIR 

Regler le tir 
le tir de reglage 
le tir de barrage 



COMMANDS 



51 



Fire, concentrated 
Fire for demolition 
Fire for effect 

1. On a certain area 

2. Fire of precision 

3. By change of tar- 

get 

4. Fire at a single 

range 
Fire, enfilading 
Fire, harassing 
Fire, neutralization 
Fire, plunging 
Fire, reprisal 
Fire, searching 
Fire, steady 
Fire, sweeping 
Fire, for verification 
Speed of fire 
Salvo 



le tir de concentration 
le tir de demolition 
le tir d'efficacite 
le tir sur zone 
le tir de precision 
le transport de tir 

le tir sur hausse unique 

le tir d'enfilade 

le tir de harcelement 

le tir de neutralisation 

le tir plongeant 

le tir de represailles 

le tir en profondeur 

un tir nourri 

le tir avec fauchage 

le tir de controle 

la vitesse de tir 

Une salve 



52 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Volley (Battery one Une rafale 

round ) 
Data book- 
To conceal a battery 
The position of a bat- 
tery 



Observing station 
Observation post 
To "fake" (by painted 

scenery, etc.) 
The act or process of 

"faking" 



le carnet de tir 
denier une batterie 
l'emplacement d'une bat- 
terie (m) ; la position 
de batterie 
l'observatoire 
le poste d'observation 
camoufler 

le camouflage 



ORGANIZATION 

Field Artillery 

Battery 

Battalion (artillery) 

Regiment 

Brigade 

Artilleryman 

To enlist ; enlisted man 

A recruit 

Drill ; to be drilled ; to 
drill 

Private ; private first 
class 
Barber 
Bugler 
Cannoneer 



PERSONNEL 
l'artillerie de campagne 

(f) 

la batterie 

le groupe 

le regiment 

la brigade 

l'artilleur (m) 

s'engager ; un engage 

1 volontaire 

la recrue 

l'exercice (m) ; faire 

l'exercice ; faire faire 

l'exercice a 
le simple soldat ; soldat 

de premiere classe 
le perruquier 
le trompette 
le servant ; le canonnier 

("servants" have to 

do with the guns only) 



54 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



Cook 

Driver 

Horse-holder 

Orderly 

Range finder 

Saddler 

Scout 

Telephone operator 
File leader 
Blank file 
Squad 
Squad, gun 
Gunner 
No. 1 
No. 2 
No. 3 

Nos. 4 and 5 
Section (gun and cais- 
son) 
Section, chief of 

(The French battery 



le cuisinier 
le conducteur 
le garde-chevaux 
l'ordonnance (m) 
le telemetriste 
le bourrelier 
l'eclaireur 
le telephoniste 
le chef de file 
la file creuse 
l'escouade (f) 
le peloton de piece 
le pointeur 
le tireur 
le chargeur 
le deboucheur 
les pourvoyeurs 
la piece 

le chef de piece 

, as the American, has 



ORGANIZATION 



55 



nine sections (pieces). First four, gun and 

caisson; fifth, two caissons; sixth and seventh, 

three caissons ; eighth, store wagons, tools, forge ; 

ninth, supplies, food, baggage.) 

Platoon (two guns, la section 
two caissons) 

Platoon, chief of 

N.C.O. 

Corporal 

Corporal, mess 

Sergeant 

Sergeant, chief me- 
chanic 

Sergeant, supply 



Sergeant, first 

* Aspirant (one who 

may be appointed 
second lieutenant) 

* Adjutant 



le chef de section 

le grade 

le brigadier 

le brigadier d'ordinaire 

le marechal-des-logis 

le marechal-des-logis 

mecanicien 
le marechal-des-logis 

fourrier 
le marechal-des-logis 

chef 
l'aspirant 



l'a-djudant 



56 700 FRENCH TERMS 

First lieutenant ; second le lieutenant ; le sous- 
lieutenant 
Captain le capitaine 

LE REGIMENT 

Major le commandant, le chef 

d'escadron 

Colonel ; Lieutenant le colonel ; lieutenant- 
Colonel colonel 

Major General ; Brig- le general de division ; 
adier General general de brigade 

General le general 

MARKS OF RANK DISTINCTIONS DE GRADE 

(Short bands or stripes worn on sleeves of 
each forearm and. cords on the kepi.) 
Corporal, two woolen deux galons en laine 

stripes 
Sergeant, one broad un large galon dore 

stripe, gold 



ORGANIZATION 57 

Sergeant, supply, the le meme sur le bras et 

same on arm and l'avant-bras 
forearm 

Aspirant, gold stripe galon dore avec filet de 

with silk thread soie rouge 

Adjutant, silver stripe galon argente avec filet 

with red silk thread de soie rouge 

Lieutenant; second deux galons d'or; un 

lieutenant; two gold galon d'or 
stripes ; one gold 
stripe 

Captain, three gold trois galons d'or 
stripes 

Major, four gold quatre galons d'or 

stripes 

Lieutenant Colonel, cinq galons aont deux en 

three gold, two silver argent 

Colonel, five gold cinq galons d'or 

stripes 



58 700 FRENCH TERMS 

Major General ; Brig- trois etoiles d'argent ; 
adier General; three deux etoiles d'argent 
silver stars ; two sil- 
ver stars 

On the French uniform, chevrons on the left 
arm indicate years of service in the present war ; 
one for the first year and one for each six months 
thereafter. Chevrons on right arm indicate num- 
ber of wounds received. 

Branch of service indicated by colour on collar 
and narrow stripe on breeches or trousers. 
Artillery, red Artillerie, rouge 

Aviation, orange Aviation, orange 

Cavalry, green Cavalerie, vert 

Engineers, black Genie, noir 

Infantry, yellow Infanterie, jaune 



THE HORSE 



LE CHEVAL 



The back 
The belly 
The coat 
The eyes 
The frog 
The haunches 
The hoof 
The knee 
The leg 
The mane 
The mouth 
The neck 
The pastern 
The nostrils 
The tail 
The tush 
The throat 
The withers 



le dos 

le ventre 

la robe 

les yeux 

la fourchette 

la croupe 

le sabot 

le genou 

le membre 

la criniere 

la bouche 

l'encolure (f) 

le paturon 

les naseaux (m) 

la queue 

le crochet 

la gorge 

le garrot (m) 



The off horse 



le sous-verge 



60 



700 FRENCH TERMS 



The near horse 
The lead pair 
The swing pair 
The wheel pair 



le porteur 

l'attelage de devant (m) 
l'attelage du milieu 
l'attelage de derriere 



To bridle, unbridle 

To back a horse 
To feed a horse 

To gallop a horse 
To gather a horse 
To groom a horse 
To groom with curry 
comb 

A curry comb 
To harness ; unharness 
To hitch up ; to unhitch 
To hold a horse 
To jump a horse 
To have a good seat 



brider ; debrider un 

cheval 
faire reculer un cheval 
donner a manger a un 

cheval 
galoper un cheval 
rassembler un cheval 
panser un cheval 
etriller un cheval 

l'etrille (f) 

harnacher ; deharnacher 

atteler ; deteler 

tenir un cheval 

faire sauter un cheval 

avoir de l'assiette 



THE HORSE 



61 



To put on the snaffle 
To ride a horse 
To saddle; unsaddle 
To spur (use your 

spurs) 
To tie to a line or post 
Picket line 
To trot a horse 
To train a horse 
To water a horse 
To whip a horse 



bridonner tin cheval 
monter un cheval 
seller ; desseller 
servez-vous de vos 

eperons 
attacher un cheval 
la corde a chevaux 
trotter un cheval 
dresser un cheval 
abreuver un cheval 
se servir du fouet 



HARNESS 

Bit, curb 

Bit, snaffle 

Bit mouth-piece 

Bit ring 

Blanket ; saddle cloth 

Body strap 

Breeching 

Bridle 

Bridle, crown piece of 

Brow band 

Brow band ornament 

Buckle 

Buckle tongue 

Cheek straps 

Collar 

Curb chain 

Halter 

Hitching collar 



LE HARNACHE- 
MENT 

le mors de bride 

le mors de filet 

l'embouchure (f) 

1'anneau du mors (m) 

la couverture 

le bras du bas d'avaloire 

l'avaloire (f) 

la bride 

le dessus de tete 

le frontal 

le fleuron 

la boucle 

l'ardillon (m) 

les montants (m) 

le collier 

la gourmette 

le licol (d'ecurie) 

le collier d'attache 



HARNESS 



63 



Horse shoe 

Horse shoe nail 

Horse shoer; to shoe 
a horse 

Nose bag 

Reins 

Saddle 

Saddle of off horse; 
pad 

Saddle bags 
cantle 
pommel 
girth ; cincha 
to tighten girth 
skirts 

Spur 

Stirrup 

Stirrup eye 

Stirrup strap 

Stirrups, to lower ; to 
raise 



le fer a cheval 

le clou a ferrer 

le marechal-ferrant; 

ferrer un cheval 
la musette-mangeoire 
les renes (f) 
la selle 
la sellette 

les sacoches (f) 
le troussequin 
le pommeau 
la sangle 
ressangler 
les quartiers 
l'eperon (m) 
l'etrier (m) 
l'oeil de l'etrier (m) 
l'etriviere (f) 
allonger ; raccourcir 
les etriers 



64 700 FRENCH TERMS 

Stirrups, to put foot in ; chausser ; dechausser 

out of les etriers 

Stirrups, to throw over relever les etriers sur 

saddle l'encolure 

Strap la courroie 

Strap, end of, with le contre-sanglon 

buckle hole 

Strap, keeper on, with le passant 

buckle 

Throat latch la sous-gorge 

To buckle ; unbuckle boucler ; deboucler 

Traces les traits (m) 

Traces, to lengthen ; allonger ; raccourcir les 



shorten 


traits 


Whip 


le fouet 


Riding crop 


la cravache 


Bedding 


la litiere 


Bucket 


le seau 


Hay 


le foin 


Manger 


la mangeoire 



65 



Manure 

Oats 

Pitch fork 

Rack, hay 

Stable 

Stall 

To pasture 

Watering trough 



le crottin 
Tavoine (f) 
la.fourche 
le ratelier 
l'ecurie (f) 
la stalle 
mettre au vert 
l'abreuvoir (m) 



ADDITION 
Atmospheric pressure 

Temperature 
Velocity of the wind 
Correction of the error 

of the day 
Gas mask 
Asphyxiating gas 
Howitzer 

Runner 
Aeroplane 



VL TERMS 

la pression atmospheri- 

que 
le temperature 
la vitesse du vent 
la correction du moment 

la cagoule 

le gaz asphyxiant 

l'obusier (m) ; le canon 

court 
le coureur 
l'avion (m) 



ADDITIONAL TERMS 



ADDITIONAL TERMS 



ADDITIONAL TERMS 



ADDITIONAL TERMS 



ADDITIONAL TERMS 



ADDITIONAL TERMS 



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